Iibhetri zeLead-acid kunye neebhetri zeLithium
1. Iibhetri ze-lead-acid
1.1 Yintoni iibhetri zeLead-asidi?
● Ibhetri ye-lead-asidi yibhetri yokugcina ii-electrode zayo zenziwe ikakhuluukukhokelakwaye yayoiioksidi, kwaye i-electrolyte kabaniisisombululo se-sulfuric acid.
● Umbane oqhelekileyo webhetri ye-asidi eneseli enye yi2.0V, enokuthi ikhutshwe kwi-1.5V kwaye ihlawuliswe kwi-2.4V.
● Kwizicelo,6 iseli enyeiibhetri ze-lead-asidi zidla ngokudityaniswa kuthotho ukwenza i-nominal12Vibhetri ye-lead-asidi.
1.2 Ulwakhiwo lwebhetri ye-lead-asidi
● Kwimeko yokukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-lead-acid, inxalenye ephambili ye-electrode efanelekileyo yi-lead dioxide, kwaye ukuhamba kwangoku kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ukuya kwi-electrode engafanelekanga, kwaye inxalenye ephambili ye-electrode engafanelekanga ilothe.
● Kwimeko yokuhlawula iibhetri ze-lead-acid, amacandelo aphambili e-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative i-lead sulfate, kwaye i-current flow flows ukusuka kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ukuya kwi-electrode engafanelekanga.
●Iibhetri zegraphene: izongezo zegraphene conductivezongezwa kwizinto ezilungileyo kunye ezimbi ze-electrode,igraphene composite electrode izintozongezwa kwi-electrode efanelekileyo, kwayeiileya ezisebenzayo zegraphenezongezwa kwiileya zokuqhuba.
1.3 Lumela ntoni ulwazi olukwisatifikethi?
●6-DZF-20:6 kuthetha ukuba kukho6 iigridi, igridi nganye inombane we2V, kunye ne-voltage edibeneyo kwi-series yi-12V, kwaye i-20 ithetha ukuba ibhetri inomthamo we20AH.
● D (umbane), Z (umbane oncediswa ngumbane), F (ibhetri elawulwa yivalvu-elawulwa ngulolongo).
●DZM:D (umbane), i-Z (isithuthi esincediswa ngamandla), M (ibhetri etywiniweyo yolondolozo-free).
●I-EVF:I-EV (isithuthi sebhetri), F (i-valve-regulated maintenance-free battery).
1.4 Umahluko phakathi kwevalve elawulwayo netywiniweyo
●Ibhetri engakhathalelwanga yiValve-regulated:akukho mfuneko yokongeza amanzi okanye i-asidi yokugcinwa, ibhetri ngokwayo sisakhiwo esitywiniweyo,akukho ukuvuza kweasidi okanye inkungu yeasidi, ngokhuseleko lwendlela enyeivalve yokukhupha, xa igesi yangaphakathi idlula ixabiso elithile, ivalve yokukhupha ivula ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhupha igesi.
●Ibhetri etywiniweyo ye-lead-asidi:yonke ibhetriifakwe ngokupheleleyo (iredox reaction yebhetri ijikeleziswa ngaphakathi kweqokobhe elitywiniweyo), ngoko ke ibhetri yolondolozo ayinayo "igesi eyingozi" ephuphumayo
2. Iibhetri zeLithium
2.1 Yintoni iibhetri zeLithium?
● Iibhetri zelithium luhlobo lwebhetri elisebenzisayointsimbi ye-lithium or i-lithium alloynjengezinto ezintle / ezimbi ze-electrode kwaye zisebenzisa izisombululo ze-electrolyte ezingenamanzi.(Iityuwa zeLithium kunye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo)
2.2 Ukuhlelwa kwebhetri yeLithium
●Iibhetri zeLithium zinokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini: iibhetri zesinyithi ze-lithium kunye neebhetri ze-lithium ion.Iibhetri ze-Lithium ion ziphezulu kuneebhetri zetsimbi ze-lithium ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko, umthamo othile, izinga lokuzikhupha kunye nexabiso lexabiso lokusebenza.
● Ngenxa yeemfuno zayo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe, iinkampani kuphela kumazwe ambalwa avelisa olu hlobo lwebhetri yensimbi ye-lithium.
2.3 Ibhetri yeLithium Ion
| Izinto ze-Electrode ezilungileyo | Umbane woMbane | Ukuxinana kwamandla | Cycle Life | Iindleko | Ukhuseleko | Amaxesha oMjikelo | Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokuSebenza |
| ILithium Cobalt oxide (LCO) | 3.7V | Phakathi | Phantsi | Phezulu | Phantsi | ≥500 300-500 | I-lithium iron phosphate: -20℃~65℃ Ternary lithium: -20℃~45℃Iibhetri ze-Ternary ze-lithium zisebenza ngakumbi kune-lithium iron phosphate kumaqondo aphantsi, kodwa azikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu njenge-lithium iron phosphate.Nangona kunjalo, oku kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zomzi-mveliso webhetri nganye. |
| ILithium Manganese oxide (LMO) | 3.6V | Phantsi | Phakathi | Phantsi | Phakathi | ≥500 800-1000 | |
| ILithium Nickel oxide (LNO) | 3.6V | Phezulu | Phantsi | Phezulu | Phantsi | Akukho datha | |
| ILithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) | 3.2V | Phakathi | Phezulu | Phantsi | Phezulu | 1200-1500 | |
| I-Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA) | 3.6V | Phezulu | Phakathi | Phakathi | Phantsi | ≥500 800-1200 | |
| I-Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM) | 3.6V | Phezulu | Phezulu | Phakathi | Phantsi | ≥1000 800-1200 |
●Imathiriyeli ye-electrode engalunganga:I-graphite isetyenziswa kakhulu.Ukongeza, isinyithi se-lithium, i-lithium alloy, i-silicon-carbon negative electrode, i-oxide negative electrode materials, njl njl.
● Ngokuthelekisa, i-lithium iron phosphate iyona nto ibiza kakhulu i-electrode material esebenzayo.
2.4 Ukuhlelwa kwemilo yebhetri yeLithium-ion
Cylindrical lithium-ion ibhetri
Ibhetri yePrismatic Li-ion
Iqhosha lithium ion ibhetri
Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion enemilo ekhethekileyo
Ibhetri ethambileyo
● Iimilo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iibhetri zemoto zombane:cylindrical kunye soft-pack
● Cylindrical lithium ibhetri:
● Izinto eziluncedo: itekhnoloji evuthiweyo, ixabiso eliphantsi, amandla amancinci amancinci, kulula ukulawula, ukuchithwa kakuhle kobushushu
● Izinto ezingeloncedo:inani elikhulu leepakethi zebhetri, ubunzima obunobunzima, amandla asezantsi kancinane
● Ibhetri ye-lithium ethambileyo:
● Izinto eziluncedo: indlela yokuvelisa ephezulu kakhulu, ibhityile, ikhaphukhaphu, ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, iinguqulelo ezininzi xa usenza ipakethi yebhetri
● Izinto ezingeloncedo:ukusebenza kakubi ngokubanzi kwepakethi yebhetri (ukuhambelana), ayixhathisi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, akulula ukuyimisa emgangathweni, ixabiso eliphezulu.
● Yeyiphi imilo engcono kwiibhetri ze-lithium?Enyanisweni, akukho mpendulo ipheleleyo, ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwimfuno
● Ukuba ufuna ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi: ibhetri ye-lithium ye-cylindrical > ibhetri ye-lithium ethambileyo
● Ukuba ufuna ubungakanani obuncinci, ukukhanya, uxinano lwamandla aphezulu: ibhetri ye-lithium ethambileyo > cylindrical lithium ibhetri
2.5 Ulwakhiwo lwebhetri yeLithium
● 18650: 18mm ibonisa ububanzi bebhetri, i-65mm ibonisa ukuphakama kwebhetri, i-0 ibonisa i-cylindrical shape., kwaye nangokunjalo
● Ukubalwa kwe-12v20ah ibhetri ye-lithium: Cinga ukuba i-voltage ye-nominal ye-18650 ibhetri yi-3.7V (4.2v xa ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo) kunye nomthamo we-2000ah (2ah)
● Ukufumana i-12v, udinga i-3 18650 iibhetri (12 / 3.7≈3)
● Ukufumana i-20ah, 20/2=10, udinga amaqela angama-10 ebhetri, ngalinye line-3 12V.
● I-3 kwi-series yi-12V, i-10 ngokufana ne-20ah, oko kukuthi, i-12v20ah (iiseli ezingama-30 ze-18650 zifunekayo)
● Xa ukhupha, i-current flow flowing ukusuka kwi-electrode engafanelekanga ukuya kwi-electrode efanelekileyo
● Xa utshaja, i-current iphuma kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ukuya kwi-electrode engalunganga
3. Uthelekiso phakathi kwebhetri yeLithium, ibhetri yeLead-acid kunye neGraphene
| Ukuthelekisa | Ibhetri yeLithium | Ibhetri ye-lead-asidi | Ibhetri yegraphene |
| Ixabiso | Phezulu | Phantsi | Phakathi |
| Ukhuseleko factor | Phantsi | Phezulu | Ngokuthelekiswa phezulu |
| Umthamo kunye nobunzima | Ubungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima obulula | Ubungakanani obukhulu kunye nobunzima obunzima | Umthamo omkhulu, unzima kunebhetri yeasidi |
| Ubomi bebhetri | Phezulu | Okuqhelekileyo | Iphezulu kune-lead-asidi ibhetri, iphantsi kunebhetri ye-lithium |
| Umsebenzi wobomi | Iminyaka emi-4 (i-lithium ye-ternary: amaxesha angama-800-1200 i-lithium iron phosphate: amaxesha angama-1200-1500) | Iminyaka emi-3 (amaxesha angama-3-500) | iminyaka emi-3 (> 500 amaxesha) |
| Ukuphatheka | Ibhetyebhetye kwaye kulula ukuyiphatha | Ayinakuhlawuliswa | Ayinakuhlawuliswa |
| Ukulungisa | Ayinakulungiswa | Iyalungiseka | Iyalungiseka |
● Akukho mpendulo icacileyo ukuba yeyiphi ibhetri engcono kwizithuthi zombane.Ikakhulu ixhomekeke kwimfuno yeebhetri.
● Ngokubhekiselele kubomi bebhetri kunye nobomi: ibhetri ye-lithium > igraphene > i-asidi ekhokelayo.
● Ngokwexabiso kunye nemeko yokhuseleko: i-asidi ehamba phambili > igraphene > ibhetri ye-lithium.
● Ngokuphathekayo: ibhetri ye-lithium> i-asidi ekhokelayo = igraphene.
4. Izatifikethi ezinxulumene nebhetri
● Ibhetri ye-lead-asidi: Ukuba ibhetri ye-lead-asidi iyakudlula ukungcangcazela, umahluko woxinzelelo, kunye novavanyo lobushushu obungama-55°C, inokukhululwa kuthutho lwempahla eqhelekileyo.Ukuba ayiluphumelelanga uvavanyo oluthathu, ihlelwa njengempahla eyingozi kwicandelo 8 (izinto ezidlekayo)
● Izatifikethi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
●Isiqinisekiso soThutho oluKhuselekileyo lweeMpahla zeMichiza(uthutho ngomoya/elwandle);
●I-MSDS(IPHEPHA LEDATHA YOKHUSELEKO LWEZINTO);
● Ibhetri yeLithium: ihlelwa njengodidi lwe-9 lwempahla eyingozi yokuthumela ngaphandle
● Izatifikethi eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya: iibhetri ze-lithium ziqhelekile i-UN38.3, i-UN3480, i-UN3481 kunye ne-UN3171, isatifikethi sephakheji yempahla eyingozi, ingxelo yovavanyo lweemeko zothutho.
●UN38.3ingxelo yokuhlolwa kokhuseleko
●UN3480ipakethe yebhetri ye-lithium-ion
●UN3481ibhetri ye-lithium-ion efakwe kwisixhobo okanye ibhetri ye-lithium yombane kunye nezixhobo ezipakishwe kunye (ikhabhathi yempahla eyingozi efanayo)
●UN3171isithuthi esinebhetri okanye isixhobo esisebenza ngebhetri (ibhetri efakwe emotweni, kwaloo khabhathi yeempahla eziyingozi)
5. Imiba yebhetri
● Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi zisetyenziswa ixesha elide, kwaye uqhagamshelo lwentsimbi ngaphakathi kwibhetri luthanda ukophuka, nto leyo ebangela iisekethe ezimfutshane kunye nokutsha okuzenzekelayo.Iibhetri zeLithium zingaphaya kobomi benkonzo, kwaye isiseko sebhetri siyaguga kwaye siyavuza, esinokubangela ngokulula iisekethe ezimfutshane kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Iibhetri zeLead-acid
Ibhetri yeLithium
● Ukuguqulwa okungagunyaziswanga: Abasebenzisi baguqula isiphaluka sebhetri ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso, esichaphazela ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwesekethe yombane yesithuthi.Ukuguqulwa okungafanelekanga kubangela ukuba isekethe yesithuthi ilayishwe kakhulu, ilayishwe, ishushu, kwaye imfutshane.
Iibhetri zeLead-acid
Ibhetri yeLithium
● Ukusilela kwetshaja.Ukuba itshaja ishiywe kwimoto ixesha elide kwaye ishukunyiswa, kulula ukubangela ukuba i-capacitors kunye ne-resistators kwi-charger ikhulule, enokuthi iholele ngokulula ukugqithiswa kwebhetri.Ukuthatha itshaja engalunganga nako kunokubangela ukutshajiswa okugqithisileyo.
● Iibhayisekile zombane zibekwe elangeni.Ehlotyeni, ubushushu buphezulu kwaye akufanelanga ukupaka iibhayisekile zombane ngaphandle elangeni.Iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi kwebhetri liya kuqhubeka nokunyuka.Ukuba utshaja ibhetri ngoko nangoko emva kokufika ekhaya uphuma emsebenzini, iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi kwibhetri liya kuqhubeka nokunyuka.Xa ifikelela kwiqondo lobushushu elibalulekileyo, kulula ukuyitshisa ngokuzenzekelayo.
● Izithuthuthu zombane zifakwa lula emanzini xa kukho imvula enkulu.Iibhetri zeLithium azinakusetyenziswa emva kokuba zifakwe emanzini.Izithuthi zombane ze-lead-acid kufuneka zilungiswe kwindawo yokulungisa emva kokuba zifakwe emanzini.
6. ULondolozo lweMihla kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweebhetri kunye nezinye
● Kuphephe ukutshaja kakhulu kunye nokukhupha kakhulu ibhetri
Ukuhlawula ngaphezulu:Ngokubanzi, iimfumba zokutshaja zisetyenziselwa ukutshaja eTshayina.Xa ugcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, unikezelo lwamandla luya kuqhawuka ngokuzenzekelayo.Xa utshaja ngetshaja, umbane uya kuqhawuka ngokuzenzekelayo xa utshajwe ngokupheleleyo.Ukongeza kwiitshaja eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwentlawulo egcweleyo yokucima amandla, xa ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, iya kuqhubeka ihlawulisa ngokuncinci okukhoyo, okuya kuchaphazela ubomi ixesha elide;
Ukukhupha ngokugqithisileyo:Kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukutshaja ibhetri xa kukho amandla angama-20%.Ukutshaja ngamandla aphantsi ixesha elide kuya kubangela ukuba ibhetri ibe ngaphantsi kombane, kwaye isenokungahlawuliswa.Kufuneka ivulwe kwakhona, kwaye isenokungavulwa.
● Gwema ukuyisebenzisa kwiimeko eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi zokushisa.Ukushisa okuphezulu kuya kuqinisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwaye kuvelise ubushushu obuninzi.Xa ubushushu bufikelela kwixabiso elithile elibalulekileyo, kuya kubangela ukuba ibhetri itshise kwaye iqhume.
● Kuphephe ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, eya kubangela utshintsho kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi kunye nokungazinzi.Ngelo xesha, ibhetri iya kutshisa kwaye ichaphazele ubomi bebhetri.Ngokweempawu zeebhetri ze-lithium ezahlukeneyo, ibhetri ye-20A lithium manganese oxide, usebenzisa ishaja ye-5A kunye ne-4A ishaja phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokusetyenziswa, ukusebenzisa ishaja ye-5A kuya kunciphisa umjikelo malunga namaxesha angama-100.
●Ukuba isithuthi sombane asisetyenziswanga ixesha elide, zama ukuyibiza kanye ngeveki okanye rhoqo Iintsuku ezili-15.Ibhetri ye-lead-acid ngokwayo iya kudla malunga ne-0.5% yamandla ayo yonke imihla.Iya kudla ngokukhawuleza xa ifakwe kwimoto entsha.
Iibhetri zeLithium nazo ziya kusebenzisa amandla.Ukuba ibhetri ayihlawuliswanga ixesha elide, iya kuba kwimeko yokuphelelwa ngamandla kwaye ibhetri isenokungasebenziseki.
Ibhetri entsha kraca engekakhutshwa ifuna ukutshajwa kube kanye ngaphezuluIintsuku ezili-100.
●Ukuba ibhetri ibisetyenziswa ixesha elideixesha kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi, ibhetri ye-lead-acid inokongezwa kunye ne-electrolyte okanye ngamanzi ngabaqeqeshi ukuba baqhubeke besetyenziselwa ixesha elithile, kodwa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba utshintshe ibhetri entsha ngokuthe ngqo.Ibhetri ye-lithium inokusebenza okuphantsi kwaye ayikwazi ukulungiswa.Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubuyisele ibhetri entsha ngokuthe ngqo.
●Ingxaki yokutshaja: Itshaja kufuneka isebenzise imodeli ehambelana nayo.I-60V ayinakuhlawulisa iibhetri ze-48V, i-60V i-lead-asidi ayinakuhlawulisa i-60V ibhetri ye-lithium, kunyeiitshaja ze-lead-asidi kunye neetshaja zebhetri ze-lithium azinakusetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo.
Ukuba ixesha lokutshaja lide kunexesha eliqhelekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhuphe intambo yokutshaja kwaye uyeke ukutshaja.Nika ingqalelo kwinto yokuba ibhetri yonakele okanye yonakele.
●Ubomi bebhetri = amandla ombane × ibhetri iampere × isantya ÷ amandla emoto Le fomyula ayizifanelanga zonke iimodeli, ingakumbi iimodeli zeemoto ezinamandla amakhulu.Idityaniswe nedatha yokusetyenziswa uninzi lwabasebenzisi ababhinqileyo, le ndlela ilandelayo:
I-48V ibhetri ye-lithium, i-1A = 2.5km, i-60V ibhetri ye-lithium, i-1A = 3km, i-72V ibhetri ye-lithium, i-1A = 3.5km, i-lead-acid malunga ne-10% ngaphantsi kwebhetri ye-lithium.
Ibhetri ye-48V inokubaleka iikhilomitha eziyi-2.5 ngeampere (48V20A 20×2.5=50 yeekhilomitha)
Ibhetri ye-60V inokubaleka iikhilomitha ezi-3 ngeampere (60V20A 20×3=60 yeekhilomitha)
Ibhetri ye-72V inokubaleka iikhilomitha eziyi-3.5 ngeampere (72V20A 20×3.5=70 yeekhilomitha)
●Umthamo webhetri/uA wetshaja ulingana nexesha lokutshaja, ixesha lokutshaja = umthamo webhetri / ishaja Inombolo, umzekelo 20A / 4A = iiyure ze-5, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kuya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza emva kokutshaja ukuya kwi-80% (i-pulse iya kunciphisa okwangoku), ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo ibhalwa njenge-5-6 iiyure okanye 6-7 iiyure (ye-inshurensi)
